Inclusion For Students With Learning Disabilities

12 [Inclusion for students with learning disabilities] [Inclusion for students with learning disabilities] 13 The Inclusion for Students with Learning Disabilities in Special Education Lehigh University Bowei Chen Many researches show that students with learning disabilities have a high rate of victimization. This paper gives few case studies about how elementary schools implement the policy and guidelines to inclusive the students with learning disabilities. The purpose of special education is giving students who have special needs the optimal development of their academic and professional skills, also support their career in order to be able to contribute to the society and manage his/her own life to reach†¦show more content†¦(McLeskey Waldron,2011) From one point of view, some people believe that LD students should be educated in general classrooms and have the accesses to the general curriculum. However, the other voice comes out that those LD students who have unique needs should take care out of the general classrooms and have extra resources for part-time help. Comment by Grammarly: Deleted: be From the journal Educational Programs for Elementary Students with Learning Disabilities: Can They Be Both Effective and Inclusive? Written by James McLeskey and Nancy L.Waldron, indicated that some LD students obtain better achievement outcomes in inclusive general education settings, while others do better when they have some extra resources to help with them. However, The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was established in 2001 to improve academic achievement, accountability, teacher quality, and evidence-based practice (Yell, Shriner, Katsiyannis, 2006). If that is serious, it could be a significant issue for us to think about students with special needs in order to provide them the same opportunity to improve their academic achievement, accountability, teacher quality and evidence-based practice. Below is the report from 2015 Building a Grad Nation report co-authored by Civic Enterprise and Everyone Graduates Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Education. Learning Disabilities as an Academic

Whole Foods Value Chain Free Essays

Team O Financial Performance Analysis of the financial performance Team O through periods 0-4, highlights the company performance scorecard, market share, brand contribution, the overall performance of the brand and the brands position in the BCG matrix. The two brands are SOLD and SONO and at the end of period 0, SOLD has 11. 9% market share and SONO has 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Whole Foods Value Chain or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6%, SOLD has the largest market share In High Earners at 29. 9% and Pros at 19. 5%. SONO’s highest market share is in Buffs at 16. 2% and has 42. 4% in specialty stores, 39. % in department stores and 25. 2% in mass merchandisers. SONO was 42. 5% in specialty stores, 38. 1% in department stores and 24. 1% in mass merchandisers. Period O the market capitalization was 276,287 with a net contribution of 13,644. In period 1, SOLD has slightly decreased to 11. 8% while SONO’s overall market share grew to 6. 5%. SOLD’s High Earners decreased to 27. 6% while Pros increased to 21. 6%. SONO significantly increased in Buffs to 25. 6% as the goal for SONO is to become a cash cow in Buffs and withdraw from other markets. SOLD is focusing on High Earners and Pros to steadily increase market share while the market capitalization increases to 322,185. The net contribution for period 1 totaled 21,089 and the stock index rose to 1,166. The distribution coverage in period 1 was more wide spread as each brand had an overall mean of 34. 6%. In period 1, what was most successful for Team O was SONO and the increase in Buffs market share percentage. Period 2 The overall market share for Team O decreased to 11. 4% and 6. 3% for SOLD and SONO. However, team O captured the highest overall market share at 21. % over competitors. In SOLDs most important markets of High Earners and Pros there was a decrease to 23% and an increase to 24%. SOLD also has an increase in Buffs at 8% which the brand SONO continues to increase market share to 31% and remain non-existent in the other markets. The market capitalization rose to 363,906 ranking 3rd among competitors in the stock market. The company performance key indicators s how team O with the largest number of retail sales each period. Team O in period 2 has a steady increase in the Buffs and is continuing to be a cash cow in the Buffs. Period 3 Market share for SOLD dramatically increased as efforts were set on increasing High Earners and spreading to gain market share in all markets. Buffs increased to 12. 8%, Singles increased to 4. 6%, Pros decreased to 17% and High Earners increased to 29. 6%. Resulting in an increase in net contribution to 38,594 and market capitalization at 434,919 gives Team O the highest stock index at 1,574 ranking first among its competitors. SONO continued to increase its market share in the Buffs at 37. 6% and becoming a cash cow. Success in period 3 is contributed to the diversification of SOLD increasing overall sales much greater than a steady increase in one or two market segments. Period 4 The overall market share for SOLD decreased as the decision to enter the Vodite market was made. SOLD’s Pros was significantly reduced to 6. 7%, High Earners to 23. 5%, Buffs 9. 1%, Singles 2. 3%. SONO continued to grow at 40. 1% in Buffs. Team O has expanded with VOLT to the vodite market capturing 100% of the Innovators, Adapters and Followers. The ability to do this was beneficial as no loan was incurred to cover the costs of a new product. The financial performance of Team O shows significant potential and establishing the market dominance with SONO in Buffs as well as being the first to enter the Vodite Market creating brand loyalty and capturing significant sales. SOLD continues to be a successful brand and contributes the majority of retail sales to Team O. Evaluating the BCG matrix SONO has become a cash cow, SOLD becomes a question mark and VOLT remains a question mark with high potential. How to cite Whole Foods Value Chain, Essays

Business & Global Food Security

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Global Food Security. Answer: Introduction: It sounds peculiar to live in a world that is full of hungry people, a problem that has become prevalent in nature. Half of the world is suffering from hunger with the other half being too obsessed with dieting and the books about the same. According to Headey and Ecker (2013), this point gets lost in the bigger collection of lingo that now sates the discussion on the security of food in the 21st century though it should not be. In the real world, the insecurity in food antedates the partnership of public, private, and other market-driven resolution by various millennia, and the quintessence of the issue that remains unaffected. Even in this 21st century, there exists persistent hunger and malnutrition, which is being proliferated by the two forces; injustice and inequality. This signifies the fact that food security is being considered as moral and political matter that is being defined by the agreements on an international basis. There should be a compulsion in covering the gaps th at exists in the global food system- not for the fact that it would have immense benefit on the economic growth and stability in the political matters of a country but also for the matter of fact that it is the right way to go about it. It is therefore time for a clear-eyed ethical structure for reaching to the food security. According to Wheeler and Von Braun (2013), the clear-eyed moral framework can only be possible if there is formation of any support among the main participants like the government, non-governmental organizations, international institutions and the private sector with the belief that feeding the population that is growing is itself an end to it. Producing investment returns, surveying new markets and safeguarding the resources of the world are significant benefits that would come from functioning towards the global food security. However, there is the existence of this tiny part of a bigger moral good that should be the nucleus of the food security. Government is stated to be the first and primary social contract that delineates the responsibilities for the well-being and order existing between the people who rule and those who are being ruled (Troell et al. 2014). Therefore it is beliefs that need to be stated here that the government should take up the responsibility of feeding thos e who dot possess the ability to feed themselves. It is imperative to understand the tools that are being made use by the government for attaining that objective. Justification: Firstly, property exists everywhere within the discussion with governments having power and authority to state the legal planning of assets rights. Food is all about the agriculture and agriculture takes in the land and water with the same being inducted into property- who owns and cultivates it (Shiva 2016). Economist Hernando de Soto has pointed out in a brilliant manner where better job would be to make rights of property available to all, helping the poor in using those rights to attain credit, making investments and augmenting the output related to agriculture. Property rights would be able to provide that extra voice to the poor that is so essential and a great pledge in their economies. Secondly, the contributors of social service, governments are in the position of exclusivity to structure the ways the issues of nutrition and infrastructure would be intersecting with the social and welfare services. As per Porter et al. (2014), one of the booming lessons from the Food Security Strategy Group work at the Institute of Aspen states it to be an incorporated approach for diminishing food security creating a greater impact on the various strategies of each of the sectors. According to Riches (2016), Ethiopia is a country that has exhibited the wisdom of an incorporated strategy in the agency of its Agricultural Transformation, a frontward thinking agency that is being calculated to lessen the food security by consent collaboration between the main ministries of the government and that of agriculture and finance along with health and social services. This models success is evident from the fact Ethiopia has made greater expansion after the implementation of the strategy t owards the food security than any other country. Thirdly, government has the authority and accountability in creating clear environment of regulation for accelerating technologies that would be supporting the protected and sustainable amplification of production in agriculture. The Green Revolution and the modern day complements have been saving enough lives. Yet, there is enough existence of countries that are still countering the wrath of starvation and hunger that for various reasons have determined of not using any crop that have been uncovered to GMOs or have been heritably customized. According to Larsen and Liller (2014), the scientific community supports the notion that the GM crops have the ability to augment yields and do not pretense a threat to the lives of the humans. Only governments possess the power of driving policies that are based on evidence reforms decreasing factors like hunger, develop nutrition and innovation sustainability. Starting from the legal architecture of water and land rights to the stipulation of the social services along with acceleration of technological advancements, governments hold the key in employing considerable tools for deploying the global endeavor of fighting food insecurity (Savary, Ficke and Hollier 2014). Rebuttal: However, there are certain arguments that the present industrial throng production of food that is being done for profit is a economical and political crisis that have had distressing effects on the health of humans and threatens the endurance of the planet. One of the most primary human needs is the capability to produce and acquire nutrition of sufficient nature. However, for the fast 50 years, United States and certain other western countries have fundamentally shifted the process of growing and generating foods for the consumption of humans. According to Savary, Ficke and Hollier (2014), it has made use of the twin vehicles of the caustic food strategy apparatus and the ever growing dependence upon oil and industrialization, this indefensible model of food production has continued its growth in an unabated way in an era where production of oil is decreasing along with declining availability of clean water. This according to many is a structure that threatens not only the security of the intact global food system, but also threatening the health of humans and hampering the environment. Scientist and self-governing research agencies have been alarming the world for years but they have botched to do is identifying and holding accountable the true source of the busted food system: free market. According to Godfray and Garnett (2014), everywhere from starting point to the supermarket, every period of the industrialized food construction is being owned, administered and influenced by the corporate businesses. The annual profits drift in the billions of dollars, additional money than any of the budding nations overall GDP. Multinationals like Nestle, Cargill and ConAgra have been able to cautiously craft and promote economies of scale that facilitates them in dominating the global and local markets in a way where only few of the organizations have been handling both the factors of price and supply. In the year 2012, US Agribusiness exhausted around $137 billion on the foyer efforts of promoting the interests of corporate through the acquiring of the constructive legislation (Lang and Heasman 2015). The reach of the corporate have been even more sinister into the industry of finance, affecting the credit availability in the developing of countries of third world through the In ternational Monetary Fund (IMF) for promoting the self-serving interests of corporations that are capitalistic in nature. It is not only that the suppliers possess the seeds themselves along with the credit market through which farmers have been buying their seeds, These fewer large corporations also have their own contacts of the land on which those seeds are being grown along with the chemical required for the same facilitating the necessary output process (Rutten et al. 2014). The food system is increasingly becoming in possession of the larger corporations instead of the conventional small farmers. The support of supposedly capitalist and definitely corporatist governments that have been squeezing the mentality of free market of the exponential enlargement deregulation and unbound corporate profits are affecting this sort of takeover. As per Lipper at al. (2014), the burden of finance is primarily being accepted by the middle and lower class tax payers who have been gradually more responsible for the funding of the ever expanding subsidies permitting these organizations their growth in the unimpeded monopoly. Cargill have boasted practically $134 billion in sales which significantly is more than the GDPs of Honduras, Ecuador and Serbia combined. Cargill is one of the prime examples of the corporate possession of an overall supply chain starting from the seed to the dinner plates. Cargill is in the habit of growing their own soy on the contracted lands of Brazil that was previously being engaged by the dense forests and being developed in the processing plants of Cargill-owned soy. Their patented animal feed which is soy based is then elated to the Cargill owned concentrated lots of cattle feed which is then fed to the animals who are owned by Cargill foods, after which they are being butchered and processed within the Cargill owned butcher house and the dispensation amenities. There is lack of any sort of competition and even if there is any, is little with the government over sighting for the gentle conduct or the fair and humane handling of the workers who have been growing the soy and then developing the meat for the purpose of consumption in the Western countries. As per the reports of 2011, the United States Federal Drug Administration tasked with guaranteeing the safety of the supply of the food in America, somehow examined only a meager 6 per cent of the producers of domestic food and 0.4 per cent of the imports (Lal, Hansen and Uphoff 2016). As per the reports of the CDC, pathogens that were foodborn nauseate around 49 million people only in U.S., resulting in hospitalization of around 130000 people and deaths of around 3000 people on an annual basis. The food industry over the phase of past three decades has gradually being assuming the responsibility of self-inspection as the governments that are capitalist have steadily being defunding the agenc ies of federal food scrutiny, passing on the legislation and policies of the farm in deregulating the agribusiness. According to Tacoli, Bukhari and Fisher (2013), Corporations have been managing well in maintaining their profits that have been steadily increasing over the period of past three decades, regardless of the sluggish wages for the people who work through lowering the prices of the food in an artificial manner. The subsidies of the government have been funded by the operational class tax payers who have been buying their goods. As most of the subsidies are being paid for cash crops like wheat, soy and corn, with those cash crops yielding the biggest profits for the Big Ag.. The farm policies that have existed in the previous decade have also shaped in the commodity production through the outsourcing of agricultural to the countries of the third world offering a contemptible labor and land having very fewer regulations in the USA. This system has generally been designed in maximizing the corporate profit that have been American based enduring to offer despicable food for the working clas s people and the population of the urban area. Opposing Views: However, government does not have the power of performing all these alone. Governments have never been supreme, nor do they have resources that are infinite in nature. According to Smith ( 2013), there are two sectors that can balance the tools and the abilities of the government which are the private sector and the public regions or what is considered by many to be spiritual sector. Business has the maximum stake in attaining a future that is food-secure and this is the place where the moral reinforcement of food security becomes a matter of high significance. Business, inclusive of those that are bigger multinationals of agricultural products, stand at the best position for gaining a great covenant in the marketplace , exemplifying the most prevalent and inconvenient challenges existing in the food uncertainty. Nevertheless, the profitability track in those provinces is not confluent with the long-term protractability and the wellbeing of the communities that are mostly vulnerable. Business does possess that responsibility in sharing the burden: to accomplish well by performing well. In the sector of agriculture, this generally signifies making of a pledge in developing resources and capital of humans at the community echelon so that the smallholder farmers, mostly women have the ability of sharing the profits of the comprehensive ascend in the yields of the agriculture. As per Troell et al. (2014), the public, non-profit and the private sector is highly engaged, though there is existence of another set of voices that can muster actions at the grassroots level on the matter of global food security in the best possible manner unlike the other organizations. Big businesses have always recognized the significance of fighting the hunger presence in the global stage. Few of the big organizations are putting in extra effort for improving the security of global food. Amway, a leader in the market of vitamin and nutrition, initiated the Nutrilite Power of 5 Campaign for raising awareness of the malnutrition during the childhood days. As per Rosin, Stock and Campbell (2013), the organization has augmented Nutrilite Little Bits, a supplement of micronutrient offering insolvent children with the main nutrients and vitamins that has often gone missing from their diets. Amway implemented the Nutrilite Little Bits in the year 2014 to the thousands of children residing over 11 countries. The organization has been committed towards offering five million Nutrilite Little Bits by the end of mid 2017. This act has got enough potentiality in it to benefit approximately 1500 children who are malnourished. General Mills, a food giant have vowed to work on close quarters with the smallholder farmers for development of the economies to a source that is sustainable in nature with 100 per cent of their top ten precedence to be fulfilled by 2020. Nicola Dixon, General Mills Foundation Associate stated that they have the belief that farmers do possess enough knowledge and sources for their farms and families to flourish with the benefits accruing well beyond the level of individual and community level. General Mills require their farmers in producing enough to nourish their families and generating enough income while mounting the standard of living within the communities. Millions have already been benefited from the work of the company. As per Smith ( 2013), Cargill, worlds most biggest food and agriculture business, dedicated in offering more than $13 million in funding through a proper set of programs aiming on food security and nutrition. These grants would be taking care of promotion of sustainable practices in agriculture, developing the accessibility in markets and farmers productivity, generating support to the childhood sustenance along with matters related to education and other healthy diets and other related issues in the communities that are low-income. The grants coming from the house of Cargill are set to benefit around one million people in 15 countries. As per Clapp (2014), global issue has been one of the most calamitous issues presently faced by the world, the ability of one in feeding themselves is directly associated to their output and their capability in earning a living. There is enough existing probability in reducing the matter of poverty, increasing the income factor for the poor in the world and enlarge the base of customers in the world as big business players are investing in the global food refuge. Conclusion: The sad mockery of the situation is that the culture existing in the Western countries is such that is extensively unspecified that factors like obesity, and being a poor individual are taken in as matters of choice and the true reflection on the character of an individual. Corporate owned media have been intensifying the race and class typecast related to the view of the society on corpulence. In subordinating the wellbeing of the public to the free market, the western countries have facilitated the food system to be seized by the interests of the corporate. That structure lacks any sort of regards to the health of the humans and the planet condition, continuing to disregard the natural limits in the oil consumption, minerals and water as if they have endless supplies. Exponential growth is something that is an ingrained impression of capitalism that the overall system fails in the absence of any sort of growth. In furnishing the management of the supply of food to corporations like Cargill and Monsanto, people have forfeited the rights of human beings: ensuring quality and security of the food. Renewable sources of energy along with the non-chemical methods for manufacturing of the food in feeding the growing population of the world do exist. A food system that takes into account the healthy access to food is a practical option and an accessible goal. Wealthy people have the ability to eat healthy food which is not the case with the poor people. It is such a system that is neither reasonable nor moral. Food activists have been unsuccessful in finding out the core cause of the failure of the system. The food system in most of the countries is being built on the values of free market, values that do not have the ability to serve the interest of the people. Capitalistically based system relies on the exponential expansion and the limited consumption. Reference: Clapp, J., 2014. Financialization, distance and global food politics.Journal of Peasant Studies,41(5), pp.797-814. Godfray, H.C.J. and Garnett, T., 2014. Food security and sustainable intensification.Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B,369(1639), p.20120273. Headey, D. and Ecker, O., 2013. Rethinking the measurement of food security: from first principles to best practice.Food security,5(3), pp.327-343. Lal, R., Hansen, D.O. and Uphoff, N. eds., 2016.Food security and environmental quality in the developing world. CRC Press. Lang, T. and Heasman, M., 2015.Food wars: The global battle for mouths, minds and markets. Routledge. Larsen, A.F. and Liller, H.B., 2014. Beyond the field: The impact of farmer field schools on food security and poverty alleviation.World Development,64, pp.843-859. Lawrence, G. and McMichael, P., 2014. Global change and food security, introduction. InGlobal Environmental Change(pp. 667-676). Springer Netherlands. Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell, B.M., Baedeker, T., Braimoh, A., Bwalya, M., Caron, P., Cattaneo, A., Garrity, D., Henry, K. and Hottle, R., 2014. Climate-smart agriculture for food security.Nature Climate Change,4(12), pp.1068-1072. Porter, J.R., Xie, L., Challinor, A.J., Cochrane, K., Howden, S.M., Iqbal, M.M., Lobell, D.B. and Travasso, M.I., 2014.Chapter 7: Food security and food production systems. Cambridge University Press. Riches, G. ed., 2016.First world hunger: Food security and welfare politics. Springer. Rosin, C., Stock, P. and Campbell, H. eds., 2013.Food systems failure: The global food crisis and the future of agriculture. Routledge. Rutten, M., van Dijk, M., van Rooij, W. and Hilderink, H., 2014. Land use dynamics, climate change, and food security in Vietnam: A global-to-local modeling approach.World Development,59, pp.29-46. Savary, S., Ficke, A. and Hollier, C.A., 2014. Impacts of global change on crop production and food security. InGlobal Environmental Change(pp. 379-387). Springer Netherlands. Shiva, V., 2016.Seed Sovererignty, Food Security. North Atlantic Books. Smith, P., 2013. Delivering food security without increasing pressure on land.Global Food Security,2(1), pp.18-23. Tacoli, C., Bukhari, B. and Fisher, S., 2013.Urban poverty, food security and climate change. Human Settlements Group, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). Troell, M., Naylor, R.L., Metian, M., Beveridge, M., Tyedmers, P.H., Folke, C., Arrow, K.J., Barrett, S., Crpin, A.S., Ehrlich, P.R. and Gren, ., 2014. Does aquaculture add resilience to the global food system?.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(37), pp.13257-13263. Wheeler, T. and Von Braun, J., 2013. Climate change impacts on global food security.Science,341(6145), pp.508-513.

Lesson And Battle Royal Essays - Invisible Man, The Lesson

Lesson And Battle Royal The history of African integration into American society has been Permeated with human tragedy. Ever since the first slave boat reached the shore's of America, a deep affliction to the African race transpired. Generations upon generations were ravished by the rapacity of there captors. Kept enchained and illiterate for hundreds of years, the idea of Blacks as the Untermensch in American society was milled into the American psyche, the remnant of which still till today remains. Untermensch, a German word, meaning sub person has often been used to describe the African status compared to that of their white counterparts. In the short stories "The Lesson" by Toni Cade Bambara and "Battle Royal" by Ralph Ellison, the authors use the idea of race determining the social structure in America where Black's are the Untermensch. In the short story "The Lesson", Bambara through fictional characters makes a serious social commentary. The story portrays a poor black neighborhood, where the narrator is poor little black girl who along with her friends is being thought at home by this old black lady named Ms. Moore. She despises Ms. Moore for dressing and talking proper and most importantly for making her come to study during the hot summer months. Sylvia (the narrator) a rough street kid is brought along with her street friends by Ms. Moore to a ritzy toy shop (FAO SHWARZ) where she and her friends are shown toys which can feed them for years. Sylvia along with her friends questions how people could such ridiculous amount of money on toys, to which one of the kids replies "that this is not much of a democracy if you ask me. Equal chance to pursue happiness means an equal crack at the dough don't it?"(164). That quote basically summarized the lesson, which Ms. Moore was trying to tell her kids. Sylvia and her friends were content with the "piece of pie" (163) they had received, Ms. Moore tried to point out how small it was and how it could change. The next short which in actuality is an part of the novel "The Invisible Man", is "Battle Royal" written by Ralph Ellison which also question the Blacks as the Untermensch. Much of the story contains a lot of symbolic text, which is what makes the reading so intriguing. At face value, its an story of a black H.S. graduate who makes an speech in front of an rowdy crowd after he has fought 10 other man in the ring, but in reality the story is saturated with massive symbolism. The narrator, an African American has just graduated from High School with honors, and is invited to speak in front of the elite community of the town. The setting of the play takes place in fictitious "boxing ring" where there is a naked women who commences the start of the boxing match. The contestant's in the ring are 10 black man who have been put assembled in the ring in order to start of this grand fight. In the audience are the lawyer's, doctors, bankers, teacher's, and judges all of whom were white, spectators of an event which pinned together 10 black men. The narrator (whose names is not revealed) was shock to find this. He had expected to give an enlightening speech about he racial operation in America, while the situation had seemed some what of an entertainment arena rather than a place where a speech can be given. Nevertheless the narrator chose to be part of this "event", just as long (as he had hoped) as was able to deliver this speech. In the Arena the 10 black guys fought against each other, while the spectators urged them on. In the end while all was set and done, a bloodied and damaged narrator made his dear speech to the deaf ears of an entertained audience. For all of this he came home with a college scholarship to a white sponsored black school. When he fell asleep he saw his grandfather who asked him to read a letter which said, "Keep this nigger-boy running"(. The meaning of the story lies in the symbolism. The 10 black men in the ring symbolizing how the white man pitted them against each other in order to keep his high status while they watched as eager spectators. The point of the story was that black community was never given the chance to rise as they were kept uneducated, fighting against each other, while the white man laughed at their expense.

Nursing Scope Of Practice And Medical Errors Example

Nursing Scope Of Practice And Medical Errors Example Nursing Scope Of Practice And Medical Errors – Article Example Nursing Scope of Practice and Medical Errors Establishing a clear scope of practice for nurses is very effective in avoiding medical errors. With this said, what are the activities a qualified nurse on duty may perform today? Well, some states now allow nurse practitioners and certified nurse midwives to check on patients and prescribe medications without a physician’s approval (The Future of Nursing: Focus on Scope of Practice - Institute of Medicine, n.d.).However, current laws in many states authorizes that nurses provide direct and indirect patient care such as insuring their safety, comfort, personal hygiene, protection of patients, & performance of disease prevention and restorative measures. To be more specific, among the independent duties of registered nurses are to observe symptoms of illnesses, reaction to treatment & general behavior which becomes the basis of an initiation of emergency or medical procedures. Aside from which, a nurse’s dependent functions w ould include the performance of skin tests, immunization, extraction of human blood & administration of medication. Lastly, among their interdependent function would be to implement appropriate standardized procedures or changes in treatment regimen of a patient after observing signs and symptoms of illnesses or a crucial reaction to treatment (Bailey, L., 2011).Indeed, having a clear scope of practice for nurses will reduce medical errors especially because they can focus on cultivating their knowledge on specific medical functions instead of performing based on general medical knowledge. Aside from that, it is helpful to have clear drug labels, being familiar with medication storage, & knowledge in proper drug use and monitoring to avoid cases of medical malpractice and errors (American Nurse Today, n.d.).Bibliography:The Future of Nursing: Focus on Scope of Practice - Institute of Medicine. (n.d.). The Future of Nursing: Focus on Scope of Practice - Institute of Medicine. Retriev ed May 20, 2014, from http://iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health/Report-Brief-Scope-of-Practice.aspx?page=2\Bailey, L. (2011). An Explanation of the Scope of RN Practice Including Standardized Procedures. California, USA: Department of Consumer Affairs.American Nurse Today. (n.d.). American Nurse Today. Retrieved May 20, 2014, from americannursetoday.com/article.aspx?id=6356&fid=6276

Bank of America Essay Example for Free (#2)

Bank of America Essay The apparent problem in the Bank of America case study is that Jen McDonald (head of the Bank of America digital marketing group), and Douglas Brown (senior vice president of mobile product development) received requests to create mobile apps more specific for individual businesses as a way to gain leverage (Supta & Herman, 2012). Brown, specifically, was hesitant to add additional mobile app features as he feared it would make the application far too complex. Not only would it prove to be difficult for some users to understand, more features often make applications run more slowly, which could complicate the idea of mobile banking. In addition this could possibly give the customer a more negative experience. To cite the problem specifically, Brown stated â€Å"App complexity has led to some high-profile failures in the market place. This carries a huge risk† (Supta & Herman, 2012). Furthermore, Bank of America was provided $20 billion in capital from the United States government during the financial crisis under leadership of CEO Kenneth Lewis (Supta & Herman, 2012). Lewis had concerns that certain investors and customers would start to correlate Bank of America with Citigroup, who had previously given up 36% of its ownership to the federal government (Supta & Herman, 2012). This resulted in Brian Moynihan (head of consumer and small business banking) taking over as CEO on January 1, 2010 (Supta & Herman, 2012). Constraints and available options One of Bank of America’s options was to create different apps to target different groups and market segments, which proved to be somewhat of a risk. Not only was the organization concerned for the customers reaction, Bank of America was also hesitant because mobile apps are costly and in doing so, technology resources would be taken from other essential areas of banking such as online banking and atm machines. At this time customers were not completely trusting in working with their banks, as financial struggles were becoming more and more apparent. In order to give theBank of America the trusted name and customer loyalty it had previously held for so long, executives decided Mobile banking was the right path to take in order to save the company. Analysis and Evaluation The bank of America officially launched their mobile banking application in May of 2007. This included the ability to bank on the customers phones either by application or by accessing the mobile web through their phones browser. Douglas Brown confirmed that the success of the mobile application was astounding as the company gained four million mobile banking customers over the time span of less than three years (Supta & Herman, 2012). Because of the high level of success, business managers were eager to update the applications, in an effort to raise the level of functionality even higher. This proved to be a decision that had to be carefully considered by the Bank of America corporate team. Strengths: The Bank of America already holds the title of being one of the most prestigious banks and a leading company in the U. S. Because of their household name, marketing new products prove to be fairly easy; however identifying a product that customers will adopt and figuring out the target market are essential to Bank of America’s success. An additional strength of the mobile banking application was the timing in correlation to the launch of the application and the launch of the iPhone, making Bank of America the first bank to be able to offer a banking application on the iPhone. The most used features of mobile banking came from viewing account balances and viewing transaction details, making debit card holders the most popular users. After the mobile banking launch more customers opened checking accounts in the months of the introduction of mobile banking and did in fact use the application during that time. Weaknesses:  A weakness shown by Bank of America proved to be within technology adoption and which smart phones the mobile applications could be used by. The Bank of America was slow to adopt SMS technology and access to mobile banking was limited. It was only available to those who used online banking with Bank of America, therefore leaving a huge portion of customers out and feeling negatively about the new product. Another weakness in the new mobile application was that it had to be created with more features than competing mobile applications, which added the risk of making the mobile app more complex. Complexity is a weakness when striving to offer a simple and functional upgraded product to customers. Furthermore, the bank was recovering from the financial crisis, which caused a great loss for a company as big as themselves, as customers had to put a curb to their spending. They also feared they damaged their name in asking for $20 billion in federal backing which proved to be a huge mistake. Bank of America did not want to be associated with other banks that had borrowed capital, but in turn were forced to give up a percentage of their company. Opportunities: In analyzing the Kotler & Keller text, marketing opportunity is described as a buyer taking interest in something that has the probability to make a profit (Kotler & Keller, 2009). The introduction of mobile banking was a huge opportunity that the Bank of America capitalized on. When mobile banking was introduced costs per transaction started at 10 cents and were expected to drop to 3 to 4 cents. ATM costs were already 1. 34 per transaction which provided an advantage to debit card holders with low account balances. They also benefited in that they could easily check their account balance through their phones before making a purchase. The Bank of America capitalized on the opportunity to offer this feature to customers for absolutely no cost. This was a huge plus in gaining additional customers and fans of mobile banking, as other banks had already begun to waive ATM fees during the times of the market dropping. Mobile banking was a way for Bank of America to bounce back after financial crisis and offer users an experience they had never before been exposed to. The novelty of the design and idea would bring trust and value back to the company. Threats: A potential threat of mobile banking was that expanding on apps and adding new features can turn potential customers off because it tends to make banking more complicated throughout the introduction process. Surveys and research also showed that 44% of customers did not see a need or any type of value within mobile banking. When introducing a new product, buyer behavior tends to be very guarded as customers are reluctant to trust a pone application to keep their banking statements and accounts secure at all times. Major competitors are also a threat that the Bank of America faced. Major Banks such as Wellsfargo, Citigroup and PNC, to name a few, also offer mobile banking with virtually the same functions and applications. Mobile banking was also seen as a threat because of the high initial costs, however, from a marketing perspective, if the Bank of America were to pay extra costs to set their mobile applications apart from competing banks, the additional features would be worth the price in customer popularity and satisfaction. Recommendations Because mobile banking has been introduced by so many other banks, the best recommendation would be to create a form of mobile banking that is more secure and user friendly than competing applications. These are the two issues that customers seemed to have the most doubts about, so putting extra emphasis on these areas will surely set the Bank of America apart from others. Another recommendation is to target one particular audience and market to them specifically, therefore making age and stage in the life cycle of great importance. It is likely that the younger generation will be much more open to yet another phone application, as it is the norm for them, and will provide huge ease to another aspect of their lives. This may result in the younger generation taking more initiative when it comes to banking and gaining more responsibility in this aspect of their lives. Phone applications makes it easy to transfer money and to check balances, providing an awareness of your funds 24/7, opposed to only during banking hours. Kotler & Keller advices marketers to take the following three steps when marketing a product: 1. Compare it with a product that consumers already know about, making it more comfortable for them to base the purchase off of a past decision (Kotler & Keller, 2012). 2. â€Å"†¦The lure of â€Å"free† is almost irresistible† (Kotler & Keller, 2012). 3. Consumers often experience the â€Å"optimism bias† or â€Å"positivity illusion. † They tend to overestimate their chances of experiencing a positive outcome and underestimate their chances of experiencing a negative outcome (Kotler & Keller, 2012). These steps are recommended to the Bank of America’s target audience in order to raise popularity and awareness of the mobile banking application. In other words, it is essential to understand the meaning of consumer behavior. Kotler & Keller define consumer behavior as how individuals come up with ideas and experiences that work to satisfy the customer’s wants and needs. The customer’s desires will be met in that the mobile banking app will be free to current customers, which will already account for a huge part of the appeal. Compared with online banking, which customers are likely to be more familiar with, the target audience will see the mobile app as an easier, faster version of a feature they already value. Furthermore, because of the optimism bias and positivity illusion, customers using this product are more likely to feel it will improve their financial security and well-being. Lessons Learned In the review of the entire Bank of America case study, it is apparent that control was an issue that was brought up as the main concern of the customer in accepting the new application. Customers were weary at first, as they had concerns for the security of their finances and feared they were giving up control of their bank accounts to a mobile application. In retrospect, the customer actually gained more control over their finances as they were able to access them from nearly anywhere in the world. This goes to show how identifying with the customers emotions and providing them with a product that gains their trust and eases their concerns, will make the innovation and the company that much more successful. Bank of America. (2016, Sep 09).

Presptus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Presptus - Essay Example With these improvements, many developed nations in the West have tapped into the Third World market because of the cheaper labor cost. In some Middle East nations, especially the OECD member countries, there have been increased rates in migration due to â€Å"regional conflict, the restrictions placed on other immigration channels, asylum seekers and family reunion† (Chalamwong, 2004, p. 3). In order to meet the work demands in these nations, some of these OECD nations have opened their doors to the entry of skilled and the highly skilled laborers, most especially those who have expertise in information and communication technology. With the contribution of these workers, the competitiveness of the nations in the world market has been maintained. As more nations have also taken advantage of this cheap labor market, the inevitability of a multi-cultural work place has come into fruition. In these labor markets, many opposing and essentially different cultures can often be found in the same workplace. The challenge that this workplace has created is on how management can merge various cultures into one cohesive and dynamic work force. In order to achieve a productive, dynamic, and even peaceful work environment, the manager has to come up with ways to blend these cultures while still maintaining perspective and while respecting each culture’s unique attributes. The changes that the manager has to implement will eventually decide the success of any project or any business in the current global economy. Despite the trends in globalization, unemployment has still been persistent in many parts of the world. The pressures of migration have increased because of these unemployment ratings. Moreover, most developing countries suffer from high unemployment rates and these rates are continuing to climb. For the OECD member nations, there is a